Author: Elijah Were

How to delete files in Linux using the rm command

Removing or deleting files and directories is a common task for anybody who deals with computing devices. When it comes to Linux, we can delete files and directories using the the rm command on the terminal.  While the rm command is simple, it’s important to properly understand its careful usage to avoid unintended data loss. […]

How to move files using the mv command on a Linux Terminal

Sometimes, you may need to move files from one directory location to another in Linux. This can be achieved using the mv command. The Basic Syntax for moving files using the mv command  The basic syntax for using the mv command to move files is to type mv space name of the target file you […]

How to rename files using the mv command in Linux

While dealing with Linux systems, one of the tasks you’re going to encounter is to rename files. The mv command, which stands for ‘move’ is what we use to rename filenames on the Linux terminal. The mv command can be used in all Linux distributions and it’s popular for being simple and versatile. Basic Syntax […]

How to list files and directories using the ls command in Linux

If you want to identify the content of a particular directory in Linux, you can use the ls command. This command is essential for navigating and managing your files in Linux, and here is the step-by-step guide on how to use it: The ls command basic syntax By default, the ls command lists the contents […]

How to use the cd command to navigate Linux directories

Understanding how to navigate through Linux directories using the command terminal is an important skill for a system administrator, developer or cloud engineer. In this article, we will guide you step-by-step how to use the cd command to browse through Linux directories: What is the cd command in Linux The cd command stands for ‘change […]

How to Transfer files from one Linux disk Partition to another

Transferring files between disk partitions is a common task in Linux administration. Whether you’re reorganizing your storage or need to move data for backup purposes, knowing how to efficiently transfer files is essential. In this guide, we’ll explore various methods to transfer files between Linux disk partitions with command-line examples. Method 1: Using cp Command […]

How to format a disk in Linux?

Formatting a disk in Linux is a fundamental task that may be necessary for various reasons, such as preparing a new disk for use, removing data securely, or fixing disk errors. This article will guide you through the process of formatting a disk in Linux using command-line tools. Checking Disk Information Before formatting a disk, […]

What is the best partitioning scheme for Linux

Choosing the right partitioning scheme is crucial when setting up a Linux system. It not only affects the organization and management of your data but also influences system performance and security. In this article, we’ll explore various partitioning schemes and highlight their advantages and disadvantages. Standard Partitioning Scheme The standard partitioning scheme involves dividing your […]

How to increase Disk Partition Size in Linux

Expanding disk partition sizes in Linux systems is a common task, especially as data storage needs grow over time. Fortunately, Linux provides powerful tools to manage disk partitions efficiently. In this guide, we’ll explore the process of increasing disk partition sizes using command-line tools. Checking Current Disk Partition Layout Before resizing any partitions, it’s essential […]

How to mount and unmount partitions in Linux?

In the Linux operating system, mounting and unmounting partitions is a crucial task for managing storage devices effectively. Whether you’re dealing with external drives, network shares, or internal partitions, understanding how to mount and unmount them is essential for accessing data and maintaining system stability. Identify the Partition Mounting a partition in Linux involves attaching […]

A beginner’s guide to Linux User Management

Understanding user management, permissions, and authentication is crucial for any Linux user, especially beginners. In this guide, we’ll explore the fundamental concepts and provide practical command examples to help you navigate through the intricacies of Linux user management. Who is a Linux user? In the context of Linux and other Unix-like operating systems, a “Linux […]

How to remove ACL from a file in Linux?

Access Control Lists (ACLs) in Linux provide a way to define additional permissions for files and directories beyond the traditional owner, group, and others. Sometimes, there may be a need to remove ACLs from a file for various reasons. In this article, we will explore the steps to remove ACL from a file in Linux, […]

How to view ACL permissions on a file in Linux?

When it comes to managing file permissions in Linux, Access Control Lists (ACLs) provide a powerful and flexible way to grant or restrict access beyond the traditional owner, group, and others settings. In this article, we’ll understand how you can view ACL permissions on a file in Linux, using various command examples. Checking ACL Permissions […]

Difference between Traditional Linux permissions and ACL

Linux’s robust security model employs various mechanisms to control access to files and directories. Two prominent methods are traditional permissions and Access Control Lists (ACL). Granularity Traditional Linux permissions are based on the owner, group, and others, each having specific read, write, and execute permissions. These permissions are represented by letters – ‘r’ for read, […]

How to set up Access Control Lists (ACL) in Linux

Access Control Lists (ACLs) in Linux provide a more granular level of control over file and directory permissions. They extend the traditional Unix permissions, allowing you to define access rights for specific users or groups. This article will guide you through the process of setting up ACLs in Linux, using practical command examples. Checking ACL […]

How to force a user to change their password on the next login?

Ensuring the security of user accounts is a critical aspect of any system administration. One common practice is to periodically prompt users to update their passwords. In this article, we will explore how to force a user to change their password on the next login using various command examples. Checking User Information Before enforcing a […]

How can I find all the groups a user belongs to in Linux?

One of the key elements in user management is the concept of user groups. Users are often assigned to groups, allowing for easier administration of permissions and access control. In this article, we will explore how to find all the groups a user belongs to in Linux using various commands. Using the groups Command The […]

How to grant sudo privileges to a user in Linux?

Linux systems provide a robust security model that allows administrators to control access to various system resources. This type of previllaged access is the sudo (superuser do) command, which enables authorized users to execute commands as another user, typically the superuser. In this guide, we will walk through the process of granting sudo privileges to […]

How to lock and unlock a user account in Linux?

Managing user accounts is a fundamental task. One crucial aspect is the ability to lock and unlock user accounts based on security requirements or operational needs. This article will guide you through the process with practical command examples. Locking a User Account Locking a user account prevents the user from accessing the system while keeping […]

How to change the primary group of a user in Linux

In Linux, user accounts are organized into groups, which play a crucial role in managing permissions and access to resources. Each user has a primary group and can belong to multiple secondary groups. This article will guide you through the process of changing the primary group of a user in Linux. Checking Current User Groups […]

How to add a user to a group in Linux

Adding a user to a group allows you to control access to files, directories, and resources. In this article, we will explore how to add a user to a group in Linux, along with examples demonstrating various permissions. Checking Existing Groups Before adding a user to a group, it’s essential to know which groups already […]

How to change a user’s password in Linux

In this article, we’ll explore how to change a user’s password in Linux with clear and concise command examples. Checking Current User Password Before diving into changing passwords, it’s a good practice to verify the current password for the user. The following command allows you to check the password status for a specific user: Replace […]

How to create a new user group in Linux

In the Linux operating system, user management plays a crucial role in maintaining system security and organization. One powerful aspect of user management is the ability to create and manage user groups. User groups allow administrators to assign common permissions and access levels to a set of users. In this article, we will explore how […]

How to create and edit files in Linux

Linux allows users to create and edit files efficiently. In this guide, we’ll explore the fundamental commands for creating and editing files in Linux. Using the Touch Command The touch command in Linux serves a dual purpose: it can be used to create empty files and to update the access and modification timestamps of existing […]

How to display the contents of a file in Linux

Whether you are inspecting configuration files, reading logs, or examining scripts, the ability to view file contents efficiently is crucial. This article will guide you through the essential commands and techniques to display the contents of a file in Linux. Using the Cat Command The cat command in Linux is a versatile utility that goes […]

How to create a new directory in Linux

In the Linux operating system, creating a new directory is a fundamental task that every user should be familiar with. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced user, understanding how to create directories is essential for organizing your files and managing your system effectively. This article will guide you through the process with command […]

How to Search Text Patterns in a File in Linux

Linux provides powerful command-line tools that make this process efficient and effective. In this article, we will explore how to search for text patterns in a file using commands such as grep, awk, and sed. Using Grep Grep stands for “Global Regular Expression Print.” Its fundamental use involves searching for a specific text pattern in […]

How to copy files and directories in Linux

Copying files and directories is a fundamental task in Linux, and understanding the command-line options can greatly enhance your efficiency. In this article, we’ll explore various commands and examples to copy files and directories in Linux. Copying Files with cp Command The cp command is a versatile tool for copying files. Here’s a basic syntax: […]

How to convert various file types to different formats in Linux

Linux provides a powerful command-line interface that allows users to perform a variety of tasks, including converting file types. Whether you need to convert documents, images, or audio files, Linux offers a range of tools to handle the job efficiently. In this article, we will explore how to convert various file types to different formats […]

How to rename files and directories in Linux

Renaming files and directories is a common task in Linux, and the command line provides a powerful and efficient way to perform these operations. In this article, we’ll explore the various commands and examples for renaming files and directories using the terminal. Using the mv Command The mv command in Linux is not only for […]

How to list files and directories in Linux using the terminal

The Linux command line provides a powerful interface for interacting with your system, and one of the fundamental tasks is listing files and directories. In this article, we’ll explore various commands and options to efficiently display the contents of your file system. Using the ls Command The most basic command for listing files and directories […]

How to change directory locations in Linux using the terminal

In the Linux command line, navigating through the file system is a fundamental skill. Changing directory locations is a common operation, and understanding how to do it efficiently can significantly enhance your command-line proficiency. This article will guide you through the process of changing directory locations in Linux using various command examples. Using the cd […]

How to check for the available disk space on a Linux system

Managing disk space is crucial for maintaining a healthy and efficient Linux system. Whether you’re troubleshooting issues or planning for future storage needs, regularly checking the available disk space is a fundamental task. In this article, we’ll explore various commands to help you determine the disk space on your Linux system. Using df Command The […]

How to add and edit file permissions in Linux

In the Linux operating system, file permissions play a crucial role in securing your system and data. Properly managing file permissions ensures that only authorized users or processes can access or modify specific files. This article will guide you through the process of adding and editing file permissions using command examples. What are File permissions? […]

How do you install software packages on a Linux system?

Linux, with its powerful and flexible package management system, makes installing software a breeze. Whether you are a seasoned Linux user or a beginner, understanding the various package management commands is essential. This article will guide you through the process of installing software packages on a Linux system using command-line examples. Using APT (Advanced Package […]

How to Extract Compressed Files on Linux

Linux provides a powerful set of command-line tools for managing files and archives. One common task is extracting compressed files, and this can be accomplished using various commands. In this article, we’ll explore the commands and examples for extracting compressed files on a Linux system. Method #1: Using Tar Command The tar command is a […]

A Beginner’s Guide to Using the Curl Command

Curl, short for Client for URLs, is a powerful command-line tool that allows users to make requests to and interact with various web services. It supports a wide range of protocols, making it a versatile tool for developers and system administrators. In this guide, we will explore the basics of using the Curl command, accompanied […]

How to follow Best Practices and Coding Standards in PHP

A Beginner’s Guide to Debugging and Profiling in PHP

Debugging tools and techniquesProfiling for performance optimization

A Beginner’s Guide to Deploying PHP Applications

Preparing for deploymentHosting options and considerations

A Beginner’s Guide to Using Web Frameworks in PHP

To streamline and enhance the development process, many developers turn to web frameworks. These frameworks provide a structured foundation, speeding up development while maintaining code organization and scalability. In this guide, we’ll explore the basics of using web frameworks in PHP, focusing on practical examples. What is a Web Framework? A web framework is a […]

A Beginner’s Guide to AJAX & Asynchronous Programming in PHP

As web applications become more dynamic and user-friendly, the need for asynchronous programming becomes crucial. AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) is a powerful technique that allows web pages to be updated asynchronously by exchanging small amounts of data with the server behind the scenes. In this guide, we will explore the basics of AJAX and […]

How to work with APIs and Web Services in PHP

Working with APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) and web services is an integral part of modern web development. In PHP, developers can seamlessly interact with APIs to fetch and send data, integrating their applications with external services. This article will guide you through the basics of working with APIs and web services in PHP, providing practical […]

A Beginner’s Guide to Security Hardening in PHP

It is essential to prioritize security to protect your applications and data. Security hardening involves implementing measures to strengthen the security of your PHP applications. In this beginner’s guide, we will explore key practices for security hardening in PHP, accompanied by command examples. Keep PHP Updated Regularly updating your PHP version is crucial for security. […]

How to work with Regular Expressions in PHP

Regular Expressions (regex or regexp) are powerful tools for pattern matching and text manipulation in programming languages. PHP provides robust support for regular expressions, allowing developers to perform complex string operations with ease. Getting Started with preg_match The preg_match function is a fundamental tool in PHP for matching a pattern in a string. Let’s look […]

How to work with Error Handling and Exception in PHP

In this guide, we’ll explore the fundamentals of error handling in PHP and delve into the usage of exceptions for a more structured approach. Types of Errors in PHP PHP errors can be categorized into three main types: Notice Warning Fatal Error Basic Error Handling PHP provides several functions to handle errors, such as error_reporting() […]

Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming in PHP

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a paradigm that enables developers to structure their code in a more organized and modular way. PHP supports OOP principles, allowing developers to create more maintainable and scalable applications. Classes and Objects In PHP, a class is a blueprint for creating objects, which are instances of the class. Let’s start by […]

How to work with Sessions and Cookies in PHP

When building dynamic and interactive web applications, it’s essential to maintain state across multiple requests. PHP offers powerful tools for achieving this through sessions and cookies. In this beginner’s guide, we will explore the basics of working with sessions and cookies in PHP, along with practical command examples. What are Sessions in PHP? When you […]

How to Work with Files and Directories in PHP

PHP provides a range of functions to manipulate files and directories. Whether you’re reading data from a file, writing to it, or managing directories, PHP offers an array of commands to streamline these operations. In this article, we’ll explore how to work with files and directories in PHP, accompanied by practical command examples. Opening a […]

A Beginner’s Guide to Working with Databases in PHP

PHP applications are capable of interacting with databases to store and retrieve data. This guide will walk you through the basics of working with databases in PHP, focusing on database connectivity. MysSQLi and Database Connectivity in PHP Before diving into the code, it’s crucial to understand the concept of database connectivity. PHP relies on several […]

A Beginner’s Guide to Using Forms and User Input in PHP

Creating dynamic and interactive web applications often involves handling user input through forms. PHP provides robust features for processing form data. This beginner’s guide will walk you through the basics of using forms and handling user input in PHP, with practical command examples. Setting Up a Simple HTML Form Let’s start by creating a basic […]

A Beginner’s Guide to Using Strings in PHP

One of PHP’s fundamental data types is the string, which represents a sequence of characters. In this guide, we will explore the basics of working with strings in PHP, covering essential functions and operations. Single and Double Quotes In PHP, strings can be defined using single or double quotes. For example: Both single and double […]

A Beginner’s Guide to Using Arrays in PHP

In PHP, arrays serve as a versatile means to store multiple values within a single variable. They play a crucial role in handling data efficiently. Let’s dive into the basics with some code examples: Components of an Array The components of an array include: Variable Name In PHP, an array is represented by a variable […]

A Beginner’s Guide to using Functions in PHP

Functions in PHP play a crucial role in organizing and streamlining code execution. They allow developers to encapsulate specific tasks or routines that can be easily called from other parts of the code. With over 1000 built-in functions and the ability to create custom functions, PHP empowers developers to enhance code modularity and readability. Let’s […]

How to use Conditional statements in PHP

Conditional statements in PHP enable the execution of different code blocks based on specific conditions. Let’s delve into some commonly used conditional statements. The If Statement The if statement allows the execution of a code block if a given condition evaluates to true. The syntax is as follows: In this example, because the condition is […]

A Beginner’s Guide to Variables and Data Types in PHP

Variables in PHP are used to store and manipulate data, and they play a crucial role in the development process. Declaring Variables In PHP, declaring a variable is a straightforward process. You can use the dollar sign ($) followed by the variable name. Variable names in PHP are case-sensitive and must start with a letter […]

A Beginner’s Guide to PHP Basic Syntax

Understanding the syntax of PHP is essential for anyone venturing into web development. This section provides an overview of the general PHP syntax and covers fundamental concepts. Escaping to PHP PHP code within a webpage can be identified by the following methods: Canonical PHP Tags These tags provide a clear and recommended way to embed […]

How to Set up the PHP Dev Environment on Windows

Creating a robust PHP development environment is crucial for efficient web development. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced developer, having a well-configured environment enhances your productivity. This article will guide you through the steps to set up a PHP development environment, covering essential tools and configurations. Step 1: Install XAMPP on Windows XAMPP […]

What is PHP?

PHP, which stands for Hypertext Preprocessor, is a widely used open-source scripting language that is particularly suited for web development. It is embedded within HTML code and executed on the server-side, enabling dynamic content generation. PHP has gained immense popularity for its simplicity, flexibility, and ease of integration with various databases, making it a cornerstone […]

How do I secure my Nginx server?

Here are the various ways you can use to secure your Nginx server: Update Nginx Regularly Keeping your Nginx server up-to-date is crucial for security. Ensure you are using the latest stable version to benefit from security patches and bug fixes. Use the following commands: Configure a Firewall Utilize a firewall to control incoming and […]

How to optimize performance in Nginx

To unleash Nginx’s full potential, proper optimization is essential. In this article, we will explore various strategies and command examples to optimize Nginx for peak performance. Update Nginx to the Latest Version Before diving into optimization, ensure that you are using the latest stable version of Nginx. Updating Nginx can bring performance improvements, bug fixes, […]

How to troubleshoot common Nginx errors

In this guide, we will explore common Nginx errors and provide step-by-step troubleshooting solutions. 502 Bad Gateway Error The 502 Bad Gateway error is a common issue that occurs when Nginx cannot communicate with an upstream server. This could be due to server unavailability or misconfiguration. Solution: Check the Nginx error log for details: Verify […]

How do I set up a reverse proxy with Nginx?

A reverse proxy is a server that sits between client devices and backend servers, forwarding client requests to the appropriate server and returning the server’s response to the clients. When a client makes a request to a web server, Nginx, configured as a reverse proxy, intercepts the request. Instead of serving the content directly, Nginx […]

How do I configure Nginx for load balancing?

In this article, we will explore how to configure Nginx for load balancing, showcasing various algorithms to distribute incoming traffic among backend servers. Basic Configuration Before diving into load balancing algorithms, let’s start with a basic Nginx configuration for load balancing: In this example, we define an upstream block named backend containing multiple backend servers. […]

How do Nginx Master and Worker Processes work?

One of the key architectural components of Nginx is the division of labor between master and worker processes. In this article, we will dive into the technical details of Nginx master and worker processes, exploring their roles and functionalities. Master Process The master process in Nginx is the initial process that is responsible for managing […]

How does Nginx handle HTTP requests?

Nginx’s exceptional performance in handling HTTP requests is rooted in its asynchronous, event-driven architecture. To understand the intricate details of how Nginx processes a request, let’s navigate the step-by-step journey from the moment a request is received until a complete response is sent back to the client. Connection Handling Upon receiving an incoming HTTP request, […]

How to install Nginx Server on Linux

Installing Nginx on a Linux server is a straightforward process, and this article will guide you through the steps with command examples. Before you begin the installation, make sure your Linux server is up to date. Use the following commands to update the package list and upgrade installed packages: Step 1: Install Nginx Use the […]

How does Nginx compare to Apache Server?

When it comes to web servers, Nginx and Apache are two of the most popular choices. Both are powerful and widely used, but they have distinct features and characteristics that make them suitable for different scenarios. In this article, we will delve into a detailed comparison of Nginx and Apache, focusing on key aspects such […]

How to configure Nginx to use a custom 404 error page

When a user encounters a page not found (404 error) on a website, it’s crucial to provide a user-friendly and informative experience. Allows you to customize the 404 error page to match the look and feel of your site. In this guide, we’ll walk through the steps to configure Nginx for a custom 404 error […]

How can I check Nginx error logs?

To troubleshoot issues effectively, it’s crucial to inspect the Nginx error logs. In this article, we’ll walk you through the process of checking Nginx error logs using various commands. Default Error Log Location The default location for Nginx error logs is often set in the Nginx configuration file. Usually, it is found in /var/log/nginx/error.log. You […]

How to test the Nginx server for Syntax errors

Syntax errors are common pitfalls that can disrupt the smooth operation of an Nginx server. In this article, we will explore how to test Nginx for syntax errors using various commands. Step 1: Verify Nginx Installation Before testing for syntax errors, it’s essential to ensure that Nginx is installed on your system. Execute the following […]

How to upgrade Nginx to the latest version

Nginx developers frequently release updates to enhance features, security, and performance. Keeping your Nginx installation up-to-date is crucial for maintaining a secure and efficient web server. This article provides a detailed guide on how to upgrade Nginx to the latest version. Check the Current Nginx Version Before initiating the upgrade process, it’s essential to know […]

How to Configure Compression in Nginx Server

Compression reduces the size of data transmitted between the server and clients, resulting in faster load times and reduced bandwidth usage. In this article, we’ll explore how to configure compression in Nginx with practical command examples. Before configuring compression, it’s essential to ensure you have a version of Nginx that supports the necessary modules. Execute […]

How to block countries from accessing your application in Nginx

Securing your web applications is crucial, and one effective way to enhance security is by restricting access to your application based on geographical locations. Nginx can help you achieve this by blocking countries from accessing your application. In this article, we’ll guide you through the process with practical command examples. Step 1: Install Nginx If […]

How to use Nginx to redirect users based on their locations

Nginx offers capabilities to redirect users based on their geographical locations. This can be particularly useful for various reasons such as content localization, compliance with regional regulations, or optimizing user experience. In this article, we will explore how to leverage Nginx to implement location-based redirections with practical command examples. Before diving into the configuration, ensure […]

How to Configure DDoS Protection in Apache Server

Introduction Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks pose a significant threat to web servers. In this article, we’ll explore how to strengthen your Apache server against DDoS attacks using various configurations. Install and Enable Mod_evasive Mod_evasive is an Apache module designed to provide basic DDoS protection and intrusion detection. To install it, use the following […]

How to use Apache Benchmark to Simulate traffic on Nginx

Simulating traffic on your Nginx web server is crucial for testing its performance and identifying potential bottlenecks. Apache Benchmark (ab) is a powerful tool that allows you to stress-test your server by generating a specified number of requests. In this article, we’ll walk you through the process of using Apache Benchmark to simulate traffic on […]

How to Configure DDoS Protection in Nginx

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks pose a significant threat to web servers, causing downtime and performance issues. Nginx offers robust features to mitigate DDoS attacks. In this guide, we’ll walk through the process of configuring DDoS protection in Nginx, providing command examples for each step. Step 1: Install Nginx Before configuring DDoS protection, ensure […]

How to Configure Resource Limits in Nginx

To ensure optimal performance and prevent resource abuse, it’s essential to configure resource limits in Nginx. In this article, we’ll explore how to set up resource limits using various directives. Limiting Connections To prevent a single client from overwhelming the server with too many connections, you can use the limit_conn directive. This directive limits the […]

How to Configure ModSecurity in Nginx

ModSecurity is a web application firewall that provides an additional layer of security for web applications. When integrated with Nginx, it helps protect against various web application attacks. In this article, we will guide you through the process of configuring ModSecurity in Nginx, ensuring a robust defense mechanism for your web server. Installing ModSecurity for […]

How to configure Nginx to handle large file uploads

In this article, we will explore the necessary configurations and provide command examples to help you set up Nginx for handling large file uploads effectively. Adjusting Client-Side Configuration Before delving into Nginx configurations, it’s important to ensure that the client-side is configured to allow large file uploads. Adjust the client_max_body_size directive in the Nginx configuration […]

How to configure iptables to secure Nginx server on Ubuntu

Securing your Nginx server is crucial to ensure the safety of your website or application. One effective way to enhance the security of your server is by configuring iptables, a powerful firewall management tool in Ubuntu. In this guide, we’ll walk through the process of setting up iptables to protect your Nginx server. Step 1: […]

How to rewrite URLs in Nginx using the rewrite directives

Nginx offers a robust configuration system that allows you to rewrite URLs using various rules. URL rewriting is a crucial aspect of web server configuration, enabling you to enhance user experience, improve SEO, and ensure better control over your website’s structure. In this article, we’ll explore how to rewrite URLs in Nginx using different rules […]

How to Configure PHP for Nginx Server

When setting up a web server with Nginx to host PHP applications, it’s essential to configure PHP to work seamlessly with Nginx. In this guide, we’ll walk through the steps to configure PHP for an Nginx server, ensuring that PHP scripts are processed correctly. Prerequisites Before proceeding, make sure you have: Step 1: Install PHP-FPM […]

How to Configure Nginx to host a Laravel application

Laravel is a powerful PHP framework for building modern web applications. When hosting a Laravel application, proper configuration of the web server, in this case, Nginx, is crucial for optimal performance. In this guide, we’ll walk through the steps to configure Nginx to host a Laravel application with a database. Prerequisites Before starting, ensure you […]

How to Configure Nginx to host a PHP site with a Database

In this guide, we’ll walk through the process of configuring Nginx to host a PHP website that interacts with a database, using MySQL or MariaDB as an example. Step 1: Create or Upload PHP Website Files You will need to create a directory for your PHP website and place your PHP files in it. For […]

How to Configure Nginx to host multiple WordPress sites

Hosting multiple WordPress websites on a single Nginx server requires careful configuration to ensure proper isolation and performance. In this guide, we’ll walk through the process of configuring Nginx to host multiple WordPress sites on a single server using server blocks. Step 1: Prepare WordPress Directories Create separate directories for each WordPress site you want […]

How to Configure Nginx to host multiple websites

Configuring Nginx to host multiple websites involves setting up server blocks, also known as virtual hosts. This guide will walk you through the process of configuring Nginx to host multiple websites on a single server. Prerequisites Before starting, ensure that you have: Step 1: Create Website Directories Create separate directories for each website you want […]

How to configure Nginx to listen on a Custom port?

In certain scenarios, you might need to configure Nginx to listen on a custom port instead of the default ports like 80 for HTTP and 443 for HTTPS. This article will guide you through the process of configuring Nginx with a custom listening port. Prerequisites Before you begin, make sure you have: Step 1: Open […]

How can I block IP addresses in Nginx?

In this guide, we’ll walk you through the process of blocking IP addresses in Nginx using various methods. Before you start, make sure you have access to the server where Nginx is installed and a basic understanding of Nginx configuration. Method #1: Using the deny Directive The deny directive in Nginx allows you to explicitly […]

How to configure Apache to enable server-side includes (SSI)?

Server-Side Includes (SSI) are a powerful tool for web developers, allowing them to embed dynamic content within HTML pages served by the Apache web server. This feature can be particularly useful for creating consistent headers and footers, managing reusable code snippets, and dynamically updating content without relying on client-side scripting. In this comprehensive guide, we […]

How to use Apache to redirect users based on their locations

To redirect users based on their locations using Apache, you can use the mod_geoip module or mod_rewrite in combination with MaxMind’s GeoIP database. Here are two approaches: Method #1: Using mod_geoip To install mod_geoip on Ubuntu, you can use the following steps. Please note that the specific commands may vary slightly based on your Ubuntu […]

How to rewrite URLs in Apache using the mod_rewrite module

The mod_rewrite module in Apache allows for powerful and flexible URL rewriting. It can be used for various purposes, such as creating clean and user-friendly URLs, redirecting URLs, and implementing complex URL manipulations. Here’s a basic guide on how to use mod_rewrite in Apache: Enable mod_rewrite Before using mod_rewrite, ensure that the module is enabled. […]

How to Configure Resource Limits in Apache Virtual Hosts

Configuring resource limits in Apache virtual hosts involves setting directives that control the amount of server resources allocated to each virtual host. This can help prevent a single virtual host from consuming excessive resources and impacting the overall server performance. Below are the steps to configure resource limits in Apache virtual hosts: Enable mod_cgid or […]

How to configure Apache Server to listen on a Custom port?

To configure Apache to listen on a custom port, you’ll need to make changes to its configuration files. Here are the steps: Backup Configuration Files Creating a backup copy of your Apache configuration file is a good practice before making any changes. Here’s how you can do it: On Linux/Unix Systems Use a command-line text […]

How to Configure Apache to host multiple websites

Configuring Apache to host multiple websites involves creating Virtual Hosts, which are independent configurations for different websites on the same server. Here are the general steps to set up multiple websites on Apache: RECOMMENDED READING: How to install Apache Server on Ubuntu Linux Navigate to Apache Configuration Directory: The Apache configuration directory contains the configuration […]

A Beginner’s Guide to ModSecurity application Firewall

ModSecurity is an open-source web application firewall (WAF) module that provides security controls to protect web applications from various attacks. It can be configured and customized using a variety of directives in its configuration files. Enable ModSecurity globally When you enable ModSecurity globally, it means that the ModSecurity rules and settings will be applied to […]

How to Configure & Add SSH Keys to VPS Server

Adding SSH keys to a server involves a few steps. SSH keys provide a secure way to authenticate and connect to a server without using passwords. Here’s a general guide: Generate SSH Key Pair (if not already done): If you don’t have an SSH key pair, you need to generate one. Open a terminal on […]

How to Connect GitHub repo to the Linux VPS server

Connecting a GitHub repository to a Linux VPS (Virtual Private Server) involves several steps. Below is a general guide to help you achieve this: Set Up SSH Keypair On your VPS The SSH Keypair comprises a Private Key and a Public key. We can generate both of these keys on the VPS server using the […]

How to set up Compression in Apache Server

Setting up compression in an Apache server can significantly improve the performance of your website by reducing the amount of data transferred between the server and clients. Compression is achieved using modules like mod_deflate or mod_gzip. Setting up compression with mode_flate module mod_deflate is an Apache module that provides server-side HTTP compression to reduce the […]

How to load various modules in the Apache server

Apache HTTP Server supports a wide range of modules and extensions that provide additional functionality. Here are some of the main modules and extensions commonly used with Apache: mod_rewrite The mod_rewrite module in Apache is a powerful and flexible tool that provides URL rewriting capabilities, allowing users to manipulate and modify URLs as they are […]

A Beginner’s Guide to Apache Configuration Files

The Apache configuration file, often named httpd.conf, is a crucial component of the Apache HTTP Server setup. It is a plain text file that contains directives, which are instructions or settings that define how the server operates. These directives specify various aspects of the server’s behavior, such as how it should handle incoming requests, where […]

How to test the Apache server for Syntax errors

In the context of Apache HTTP Server, syntax errors refer to mistakes or issues in the configuration files that Apache uses to define its behavior. These configuration files typically include the main configuration file (httpd.conf) and various additional files or directories that are included in the main configuration. When Apache encounters syntax errors in its […]

How to Scan and implement malware audit in Linux

Detecting and removing malware from a Linux server involves a combination of manual and automated methods. Here’s a general guide to help you through the process: Check for Unusual Processes Use tools like ps, top, or htop to identify any suspicious or unfamiliar processes running on the system. Here is a full guide on how […]

How to Analyze Unusual Processes in Linux Systems?

Identifying unusual processes on Linux involves monitoring system activity and analyzing process behavior. Here are some characteristics and examples of commands that can help you identify unusual processes: High CPU or Memory Usage The top command can help you to check processes consuming high CPU usage: This will display an interactive real-time system monitoring screen. […]

How to Monitor File System Activity in Linux

File system activity in Linux refers to the various operations and events related to the management and manipulation of files and directories within the file system. This activity encompasses a range of operations performed on files and directories, such as reading, writing, creating, deleting, moving, and modifying their attributes. Monitoring file system activity is crucial […]

Solved: AH00072: make_sock: could not bind to address

The AH00072: make_sock: could not bind to address error occurs when Apache is unable to bind to the port that it is configured to use. By default, Apache is configured to listen to port 80. But if there is an intrusive service occupying this port, or if your firewall system is configured to block this […]

How can I check Apache error logs?

When issues arise, administrators and developers need efficient ways to diagnose and troubleshoot problems. One of the most valuable resources for this task is Apache’s error log. In this article, we’ll explore the various methods to check Apache error logs, enabling you to pinpoint and resolve issues swiftly and effectively. What are Apache Error Logs? […]

How to Implement Chunked Uploads in apache

In Apache, chunked uploads typically refer to the ability to handle HTTP requests with chunked transfer encoding. Chunked transfer encoding is a mechanism used in HTTP to send data in chunks, allowing the sender to transmit a request or response message in parts rather than as a whole. When it comes to uploading files, especially […]

How to configure Apache to handle large file uploads?

When it comes to handling large file uploads, Apache default configurations might not be sufficient. Uploading large files can strain server resources and impact performance if not properly configured. In this comprehensive guide, we will walk you through the necessary steps to configure Apache to handle large file uploads effectively and securely. Put Server limitations […]

How to use netstat command in Linux

In Ubuntu, the netstat command is used to display network-related information such as open ports, active connections, routing tables, and more. Display all listening ports Listening ports are ports on a computer or server that are actively waiting for incoming network connections. These ports are in a “listening” state, indicating that the system is ready […]

How to manage files and directories on a Linux server?

Managing files and directories on a Linux server is a fundamental aspect of system administration. Here are some common commands and tasks for file and directory management: Navigating the File System The command used to navigate the file system in Linux is cd, which stands for “change directory.” You can use this command to move […]

How to install and configure PostgreSQL on Ubuntu Linux?

Installing and configuring PostgreSQL on Ubuntu Linux involves a series of steps. Here’s a step-by-step guide: Step 1: Update Package List Make sure your package list is up-to-date. Step 2: Install PostgreSQL Run the following command to install PostgreSQL This will install the PostgreSQL database server and additional components. Step 3: Verify Installation PostgreSQL should […]

Solved: XAMPP Error: MySQL shutdown unexpectedly.

When you’re running XAMPP on your local machine, you’re likely to face the error: MySQL shutdown unexpectedly. This error prevents the MSQL server from starting, something that can hamper your project. To fix the Error: MySQL shutdown unexpectedly, we need to follow these steps: Navigate to the MYSQL subdirectory The MYSQL subdirectory is located inside […]

Solved: Removing unwanted Domain aliases from ACME.SH

ACME.SH is a script for handling Let’s Encrypt SSL certificates, and it supports multiple domain certificates. If you’re facing issues renewing a multi-domain certificate with ACME.SH and one of the domains is no longer in use, you might want to consider the following steps: Update ACME.SH Ensure that you are using the latest version of […]

Solved: ACME challenge fails because CAA record is not found

The error “ACME challenge fails because CAA record is not found” typically occurs when the Certificate Authority Authorization (CAA) record for your domain is not configured or does not permit the Certificate Authority (CA) to issue a certificate for your domain. CAA records are DNS records that specify which CAs are allowed to issue certificates […]

How to check for DNS propagation using the Linux terminal

DNS propagation is the process of updating DNS records across various DNS servers globally. Determining when DNS propagation is complete can depend on various factors like: In this guide, here is how we can use the terminal to check for the DNS propagation statuses Linux: Install dnsutils on Linux In Linux, dnsutils refers to a […]

How to use nslookup to check for DNS records

Using the nslookup command is a common method to check DNS records. nslookup is a command-line tool available on most operating systems, including Windows, Linux, and macOS. It allows you to query DNS servers for various types of DNS records associated with a domain. Here’s a guide on how to use nslookup to check DNS […]

Solved: ACME error: 429 Too Many Requests | Let’s Encrypt

The error message “urn:ietf:params:acme:error:rateLimited” indicates that you have exceeded the rate limits imposed by the ACME (Automated Certificate Management Environment) server. ACME is the protocol used by Let’s Encrypt to automate the process of obtaining and renewing SSL/TLS certificates. Reasons for Let’s Encrypt Rate Limits Let’s Encrypt imposes rate limits to regulate the number of […]

How to generate SSL for Apache Server using Let’s Encrypt

To generate an SSL certificate for an Apache server using Let’s Encrypt, you can use the Certbot tool, which is a free, automated, and open Certificate Authority. Here are the general steps: Step 1: Install Certbot Make sure you have Certbot installed on your server. You can typically install Certbot using the package manager for […]

How to generate free SSL for Apache Server using OpenSSL

Securing your website with SSL/TLS encryption is crucial in today’s digital landscape. HTTPS not only ensures data privacy and integrity but also builds trust among your users. If you’re running an Apache web server on Linux, configuring SSL/HTTPS is a fundamental step towards safeguarding your online presence. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll walk you through […]

How to block countries using iptables firewall on Linux

Blocking traffic from specific countries using iptables can be challenging, as iptables primarily operates based on IP addresses and not on geographical locations. However, you can achieve country-level blocking by using IP address ranges associated with specific countries. We’re going to use the ipset tool in combination with iptables to block traffic from specific countries. […]

How to use iptables to block connections to network interfaces

In server computing, a network interface refers to a hardware or software component that enables communication between the server and a network. It serves as the interface or connection point between the server and the network infrastructure, allowing the server to send and receive data over the network. iptables is a powerful and flexible firewall […]

How to kill processes in Linux Systems using the terminal

In Linux, processes may need to be killed in various situations, including when they become unresponsive or consume excessive system resources, hindering system performance. Killing processes is often necessary during software updates, installations, or when misconfigurations cause issues. It can be essential for security reasons, such as terminating suspicious processes or enforcing policies. Additionally, administrators […]

How to list Linux Processes using the Terminal

In Linux, a process is a running instance of a program. It is the execution of a program’s instructions by the computer’s central processing unit (CPU). Each process is assigned a unique process ID (PID) for identification and management by the operating system. List Linux processes using the ps command The ps command is a […]

How to create a Linux User with no Password Login

Creating a Linux user with no password login is generally not recommended for security reasons, as it poses a potential security risk. However, if you have specific requirements or a good reason to do so, you can follow these steps. Keep in mind that this is generally not a best practice and should be used […]

How to delete Linux Users using the Terminal

Here is how to delete a Linux user using the terminal; Using the userdel command The userdel command in Linux is used to delete a user account. It removes the specified user from the system, along with their home directory and mailbox, depending on the options used. Here’s the basic syntax: Now, you can replace […]

How to configure an automated backup system on Ubuntu Linux

If you want to configure an automated backup system on Ubuntu Linux, you will need to use rsync too for the file backup and cron job for automated backup scheduling. In this guide, let’s explore how it’s done; Install rsync rsync is a widely used and powerful command-line utility for synchronizing files and directories between […]

How to use the dd command to clone a Ubuntu Server?

Migrating the entire image, including applications and settings will require you to create a snapshot or disk image of your current server and then restore it on the new server. The dd command is a versatile utility used for copying and converting files. Its primary purpose is to create disk images, copy data between devices, […]

How to Install Nagios Monitoring tool on Ubuntu Linux

Nagios is a popular open-source monitoring tool used for monitoring the infrastructure and ensuring the availability of services. Here’s a step-by-step guide to installing Nagios on Ubuntu Linux: Note: These instructions are based on a basic setup, and you may need to adjust them based on your specific requirements. Prerequisites: Install Required Packages Before we […]

How to configure Snort on Ubuntu for Intrusion Detection

Snort is a widely used open-source Intrusion Detection System (IDS) and Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) developed by Sourcefire, now owned by Cisco. It is designed to detect and prevent network-based attacks in real time. Snort is known for its flexibility, robustness, and ability to analyze network traffic for signs of malicious activity. Key features of […]

How to remotely connect to a MYSQL server using the terminal

A MySQL database server is a relational database management system (RDBMS) that uses SQL (Structured Query Language) for managing and manipulating data. Now, a remote connection to a MySQL database server is necessary for various scenarios like; In this article, we’ll walk through the process of setting up a remote connection to a MySQL server. […]

How to use mysqldump to export and import databases

mysqldump is a command-line utility used for creating backups of MySQL databases by generating SQL statements that can recreate the entire database or specific tables, including the data, structure, and other database objects. Backup Generation The primary purpose of mysqldump is to create backups of MySQL databases. It generates a set of SQL statements that, […]

How to create a cron job for database backup using mysqldump

mysqldump is a command-line utility and it’s used to create backups of MySQL databases. It allows you to generate a set of SQL statements that can be used to recreate the database structure and data at a later point in time. If you want the manual way of backing up using the mysqldump command, here […]

How to automate updating package lists in Linux using cron jobs

To automate updating package lists using cron jobs on a Linux system, you can use the package manager’s update command (e.g., apt-get update for Debian-based systems). Here’s a step-by-step guide: Create a script for updating package lists Choose the text editor that you are most comfortable with. In this example, we’re using nano text editor, […]

What are Cron Jobs and how to use them in Linux Systems?

Cron is a time-based job scheduler in Unix-like operating systems. It allows users to schedule jobs, which are typically commands or scripts; to run periodically at fixed times, dates, or intervals. Cronjobs are particularly useful for automating repetitive tasks, such as backups, system maintenance, and other routine activities. Displaying the Cron Table To display the […]

How to use the cat & cut Linux commands in a bundle?

Both cat and cut stand out as powerful tools for text manipulation. The cat command is used for concatenating and displaying the contents of files, while the cut command excels at extracting specific portions of the text. When used in combination, these commands become a dynamic duo for handling and processing text data. In this […]

How to audit your Linux Server for optimal Security

Auditing your Linux server for security breaches involves checking various aspects of your system to identify potential vulnerabilities or unauthorized access. Here are some command examples that you can use to perform a security audit: Check System Logs Linux system logs are records of events, messages, and activities that occur within the Linux operating system. […]

How can I list and view all Users in Linux?

In this article, we will explore the different commands and tools you can use to list and view users on a Linux system. Using the cut command with the etc/passwd file The /etc/passwd file in Linux is a crucial system file that stores basic user account information, essential for the login process. It’s a plain […]

SOLVED: Cloudron Waiting for DNS propagation

The main cause of the “Waiting for DNS propagation” error in Cloudron is related to the DNS setup of your domain or subdomain and your VPS server on which Cloudron is installed. There is the likelihood that you’re managing your DNS settings from another provider so, you need to make sure everything is set up […]

How can I enable and use mod_rewrite in Apache?

In the Apache web server, mod_rewrite is an extension module that provides a powerful way to manipulate URLs. It allows you to modify the URL requested by a client and serves different content without the client being aware of it. This can be helpful for various purposes such as creating user-friendly URLs, implementing URL redirection, […]

How can I block IP addresses in Apache?

One of the essential features Apache offers is the ability to block specific IP addresses, preventing unwanted visitors, malicious bots, or potential attackers from accessing your web applications. An IP address is a unique numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. Blocking specific IP […]

How to Secure a Linux Server | Full Guide

Securing a Linux server is super important if you want to keep your system and data safe from any potential threats. Linux is known for being strong when it comes to security, but it’s still crucial to configure it properly and follow the best practices to create a secure environment. In this guide, we’ll take […]

How to install React JS on Ubuntu Linux

React JS is a popular JavaScript library for building user interfaces, particularly for single-page applications where you want a fast and dynamic user experience. To install React JS on Ubuntu, you need to set up Node.js and npm (Node Package Manager) first, as React is a JavaScript library that relies on these tools. Here are […]

How to create a temporary Linux user in Ubuntu

A temporary Linux user is an account created with a limited lifespan, unlike permanent user accounts that typically last as long as the system itself. Think of them as guest passes to the Linux world, granting access for a specific purpose and duration. Here’s a breakdown of who a temporary Linux user might be: These […]

How to troubleshoot Apache “No route to host” error?

The “No route to host” error indicates that the server is unable to establish a network connection to the specified host. When dealing with Apache, this problem often stems from issues related to network configurations, firewalls, or misconfigurations within Apache itself. In this article, we will explore a step-by-step approach to troubleshooting and resolving the […]

How to set or change System Hostname in Linux

A hostname is a human-readable name assigned to a computer or device connected to a network. It serves as a unique identifier, similar to a person’s name, making it easier to recognize and manage a device on a network. Changing the hostname in Linux can be done using different commands and configuration files, depending on your Linux […]

A Beginner’s guide to understanding Ports in Linux Systems

By definition, a port refers to a communication endpoint that is associated with a specific process or service on a computer. Ports are used to enable communication between different applications or services over a network. To further understand ports properly, let’s imagine a bustling city like New York. Each building houses a different business, offering […]

A beginner’s Guide to setting up BIND9 DNS server on Ubuntu

BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain) is a popular open-source DNS server that is widely used on Unix-like systems, including Ubuntu. Here are the steps to install and configure BIND9 on Ubuntu: Install BIND9 Before installing BIND9 DNS server, we need to update the package lists using the following command: Now that the update is done, […]

How to Change: “Your live stream will play automatically..” in Ant Media

When you’re broadcasting to Ant Media Server, this message is going to appear on the Ant Media web-based video player: “Your live stream will play automatically as soon as it’s available” as seen in the image below: To customize this text, follow the steps below: Navigate to the Webapp subdirectory under Ant Media You need […]

Is Port Forwarding necessary for Ant Media Server?

In the context of server computing, port forwarding typically refers to the process of redirecting network traffic from a specific port on the server to another defined port. Servers are networked systems that rely on ports for defined traffic to come in and go out. Ports are logical endpoints that act as pathways for incoming […]

How to use Security Headers for Apache Server Security

Security headers are instructions sent from Apache web server to a web browser during communication. They act like additional security settings, telling the browser how to handle certain aspects of the website’s content and resources. This can help mitigate various attack vectors and improve the overall security posture of your web application. How Security Headers […]

How many concurrent connections can Apache Server handle?

Concurrent connections in the context of an Apache web server refer to the number of simultaneous connections that Apache can handle at the same time. This includes both incoming and outgoing connections, such as connections to databases, other web servers, and caching servers. How concurrent connections work in Apache Apache uses a multi-process model to […]

How to implement performance tunning in Apache Webserver

Apache Performance tuning involves implementing activities that optimize the server’s configuration and settings to improve its speed, efficiency, and scalability. In this guide, we would like to take you through a step-by-step process on how to improve your apache performance, providing a smooth browsing experience for your users: Configure Enough RAM & CPU The first […]

A beginner’s Guide to Cross-origin Resource Sharing (CORS)

Cross-origin resource sharing (CORS) is a security mechanism that allows a web page to make requests to a different domain than the one that served the web page. CORS works by adding HTTP headers to the response from the server that allows the browser to know that it is safe to allow the request to […]

How to enable Cross-Origin Resource Sharing in Apache Server?

To understand how Cross-Origin Resource sharing works, you can read the informative guide we’ve written here So, to configure Apache for Cross-Origin Resource Sharing, you’ll need to make changes to its configuration files, and here are the steps you need to follow: Access Apache Configuration File Apache’s main configuration file is often named httpd.conf. Open […]

How to Enable Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) in Nginx?

If you’re interested in a detailed understanding of how Cross-Origin Resource sharing works, we’ve written an informative guide you can read here Now, to set up Cross-Origin Resource sharing CORS in Nginx, you will need to follow the following steps: STEP #1: Open the NGINX Server Configuration file Open the terminal and run the following […]

How to Troubleshoot Apache not Serving Web Pages?

When your web server stops delivering content to visitors, it can be a cause for concern. In this article, we will explore the various reasons Apache might fail to serve web pages and provide detailed troubleshooting steps to help you identify and resolve the issue. Check Apache’s Status The first step in troubleshooting any web […]

How to Redirect www to the non-www Domain in Apache?

Redirecting your website visitors from the www version to the non-www version or vice versa is a common requirement for website owners. In this article, we will focus on how to implement this redirection in the Apache web server. What is the difference between a www and a non-www domain? Before delving into the technicalities […]

Could not reliably determine the server’s fully qualified domain

The Apache server isn’t immune to errors and issues. So, the error: “Could not reliably determine the server’s fully qualified domain name” in Apache usually pops up when the server is unable to figure out its own fully qualified domain name (FQDN). Let me break this down for you in a more beginner-friendly way; Think […]

How to troubleshoot Apache “Connection refused” error?

The “Connection Refused” error occurs when the client cannot establish a connection with the server. This can be due to several reasons, and in this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore the various reasons behind this error and provide step-by-step troubleshooting solutions. Step 1: Verify Apache is Running The first step in troubleshooting any Apache-related issue is […]

How to configure Apache to use a custom 404 error page?

When visitors encounter a “404 Not Found” error on your website, it means that the server couldn’t locate the requested page. This error message can be frustrating for users and potentially harmful to your website’s credibility. To enhance user experience and maintain a professional appearance, you can create a custom 404 error page that provides […]

How to use Cloudflare on Namecheap Domain Pointed to Contabo

One of the most common benefits of Cloudflare is DNS proxying. But what does this even mean? Let’s try to break it down into simple terms for beginners 🙂 Imagine you want to send a letter to a friend. Instead of using your regular postal service (your ISP’s DNS), you decide to use a faster […]

SOLVED: Your live stream will play automatically as soon as it’s available

If you’re familiar with Ant Media server, you’re likely to be greeted with this “Your live stream will play automatically as soon as it’s available. Get ready to be part of the action!“ This notification message appears when you set up a new live stream before the video broadcast from the source is captured by […]

How to Dual Boot Kali Linux and Windows on a Laptop

Dual booting means that a computer is set up to run two separate operating systems on the same hard drive. Each operating system is installed in its own partition, which is essentially a designated section of the hard drive. People often choose to dual boot for several reasons. For instance, you might want to use […]

How can I install an Open SSH Server on Ubuntu Linux?

Open SSH server can allow you to connect to your remote server terminal and make any configuration you want. Once you gain access to your server’s remote terminal, you will be able to install any script on it with ease. In this guide, you learn how to install Open SSH server in a few simple […]

How to Secure HLS & DASH Streams in Ant Media Server?

You could be wondering, how can I whitelist or allow a specific domain name to access HLS or DASH streams in Ant Media server? Well, the current versions of Ant Media server don’t natively ship with a specific blocking or whitelisting feature for HLS & DASH streams. But the good news is that there is […]

How to host a Laravel application on Ubuntu using Apache

Laravel is a powerful PHP framework that allows you to build PHP applications with easy. To host a Laravel application on Ubuntu using Apache Web server, you need to go through the following steps: Install Apache Web Server Before we run the apache installation command, let’s first update the system using the update command as […]

How to Install WordPress on a VPS Server using Cloudron?

For beginners, installing WordPress on a Linux VPS server could seem to be an intimidating task, and it may look like you have to be tech-savvy to accomplish it. But in this guide, we would like to make this process very simple for you so you can follow it step-by-step. Choose a VPS provider for […]

How to easily Create and Add Users in Linux

The Linux system allows multiple users to log in and access it. This means that more than one person can interact with the system at the same time. There are several reasons why one Linux system can be accessed by multiple users. So, as a system administrator, you want each user to have their own […]

How to download and install Ubuntu Linux on a Laptop

There are various ways you can use to install Linux on a bare metal Laptop. A bare metal in this case means that you’re installing Linux directly on a device and not using a virtual machine.Now, here are the steps you need to follow; Choose the Linux Distribution A Linux distribution is more like the […]

How to resolve Apache’s “Too many open files” error?

This error occurs when Apache exceeds its file descriptor limit, leading to degraded server performance or even crashes. When Apache runs, it uses file descriptors to manage files, sockets, and other I/O operations. Each system imposes a limit on the number of file descriptors a process can open simultaneously. When Apache surpasses this limit, it […]

How can I Disable Directory Listing in Apache?

Disabling directory listing in Apache is important for security reasons, as it prevents users from being able to see the contents of directories on your web server. Here’s how you can disable directory listing: Method 1: Using .htaccess To disable directory listing using the .htaccess file for both global and specific directories, you can create […]

How to resolve Apache’s “Address already in use” error?

This error occurs when Apache attempts to start, but another process or instance is already using the same port or address that Apache is configured to listen on. In this article, we will explore the various causes of this error and provide detailed steps to resolve it. Understanding the Error When you try to start […]

How can I Fix the Apache 403 forbidden error?

The Apache 403 Forbidden error is a common HTTP status code that indicates that the client does not have permission to access the requested resource. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including incorrect file permissions, misconfigured Apache directives, and corrupted .htaccess files. Incorrect File Permissions Apache needs to have read permission to […]

What is stopping Apache Server from Starting?

In this guide, we will explore various potential roadblocks that can hinder Apache’s startup process and how to fix them. Configuration Errors Configuration errors can prevent Apache from starting because the web server relies on its configuration files to function correctly. These configuration files, such as httpd.conf or apache2.conf, contain directives that govern how Apache […]

How can I find the Apache Configuration File?

The Apache configuration file is a text file that contains all of the settings for the Apache web server. This includes things like the document root, the port that Apache listens on, and the modules that are loaded. The location of the Apache configuration file can vary depending on the operating system and the way […]

How do I troubleshoot Apache startup errors?

There are a few common steps you can take to troubleshoot Apache startup errors: Check the Apache error logs The error logs will contain information about any errors that occurred when Apache tried to start. On Linux systems, the error logs are typically located in the following directory on Linux systems: On Windows systems, the […]

Solved: SSL not installing on Ant Media Server

If you needed to embed your streams on a third-party website with a domain name that has SSL integrated into it, you would also need to make sure you have an SSL certificate and a domain name configured on your Ant Media server instance. And if you don’t have an SSL certificate configured on Ant […]

How to install an SSL Certificate on Ant Media Server

If you have no SSL certificate on Ant Media and embed the streams on third-party websites that have SSL, the streams may not play or may be blocked by modern browsers. And here’s why: SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) certificates are used to establish a secure encrypted connection between a web server and a client’s browser. […]

How to Point a Domain Name from Namecheap to Contabo VPS

Assuming you have a VPS server from a reliable provider like Contabo, and on the other hand, you have a registered domain from another provider like Namecheap, Godaddy, HostGator, or any other domain name vendor. What you need is to be able to point the domain name you purchased from a certain domain registrar to […]

How can I update Ant Media Server on Ubuntu?

Making sure you update Ant Media server is important as it helps you to upgrade your system to leverage new features that may not be available in older or earlier Ant Media versions. This process is very simple and it doesn’t necessarily require you to do any backups. In this article, we will help you […]

How to open Ant Media Ports through the Firewall?

Ports also known as network ports, which are logical endpoints used in computer networking to identify specific services or applications running on computing devices like servers. In TCP/IP networking, ports are used to differentiate between different types of network traffic and can allow or block access to specific services. In simple terms, ports can be […]

Solved: Protect Ant Media Streams from getting embedded

Unprotected Ant media streams are vulnerable to being embedded on unauthorized websites. And this can prove to be a serious issue for your streaming business. The fact that unscrupulous actors are willing to exploit your server resources, and even steal your content can prove to be costly to you in many ways. When someone illegally […]

How to use Alibaba Cloud Free credit to Set up Ubuntu server

Alibaba Cloud uses an Infrastructure-as-a-Service cloud computing model, allowing users to make use of its massive computing power so they can deploy servers and applications. The first time you sign up with Alibaba Cloud, you automatically qualify for a limited trial credit, providing you with an opportunity to do some kind of test drive on […]

How does Alibaba Cloud Free trial work?

Alibaba Cloud offers a free trial credit that allows you to experience some of their cloud services before committing to paid plans. In this article, we’ll walk you through everything you need to know so you can make use of Alibaba Cloud’s free trial credit to deploy servers and applications on their platform. Creating Alibaba […]

How can I fix Cloudron domain redirection issues?

Cloudron is changing the way website hosting is done. It simplifies the deployment of applications like WordPress with ease, and you don’t have to be an expert in this area to get everything up and running. Now, there is just one issue we noticed when using Cloudron. After you’ve deployed your application, you’re likely to […]

How to install and configure UFW firewall on Ubuntu Linux

UFW is also known as uncomplicated Firewall and is a firewall system commonly used in Linux platforms and distributions. It is used to manage and regulate both incoming and outgoing traffic based on certain rules like port numbers, protocols, or IP address ranges. This means that you can use UFW firewall to determine which port, […]

How to use HLS and DASH Protocols in Nginx RTMP streaming

HLS and DASH protocols are powerful technologies for delivering modern video streaming with minimal latency. These protocols prioritize giving a smooth end-user streaming experience while limiting video buffering scenarios that could frustrate your target audience. Integrating HLS and DASH protocols into your Nginx RTMP streaming server is one of the best alternatives you need to […]

What you need to know before deploying Ant Media in AWS Cluster

Configuring and deploying Ant Media in a cluster on AWS is the best way to go for a large-scale streaming setup to serve tens of thousands of concurrent viewers. Putting Ant Media in a cluster means that your infrastructure will be able to automatically scale during the time of traffic spike on your streaming sessions. […]

How are Protocols implemented in applications?

In almost every technology we rely on today, there is some sort of protocol behind it. And if you’re an active techie, you’re likely to be greeted with this term more frequently. For example, if you wanted to transfer some files from one computer to another using a network connection, there is a protocol that […]

How to set up Nginx RTMP Server on Ubuntu to Live stream videos

Ngnix is one of the most popular web servers in the world. Its incredible performance makes it suitable for handling 1000s of concurrent users while efficiently utilizing available resources. Although many out there may think Nginx is just for hosting websites, they should also know of its capabilities when it comes to the world of […]

A Beginners’ Guide to owning a Professional Website

Having a good and professional website is essential for any business or individual looking to establish a strong online presence. A website is more than just a digital storefront, it is a powerful tool that can help you connect with potential customers, showcase your products or services, and build credibility and trust with your target […]

How can I create FTP User Directory in Ubuntu?

“Securely Manage Your FTP User Directory in Ubuntu with Ease!” Introduction FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a popular way to transfer files between computers over the internet. If you are running an Ubuntu server, you may want to create an FTP user directory to allow users to access and upload files to your server. In […]

Solved: Ant Media stream refusing to play after embedding

When Ant Media stream refuses to play after embedding the player on another website, there could be a couple of reasons causing this issue. And here are some suggested fixes we have for you: Inspect your iframe code You can check if the URL link defined in your iframe code is correct. The following is […]

How to embed Ant Media Player in WordPress Website

Ant Media Player is a web-based video player that allows users to play live and on-demand video streams in a web browser. The player is built using HTML5 technology and is compatible with most modern web browsers, including Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge. Ant Media allows you to embed this player in your website, so […]

How can I simulate traffic on a Linux server using Apache Bench?

Apache Bench (also known as ab) is a command-line tool used for benchmarking and load testing web applications or HTTP servers. It is a part of the Apache HTTP Server project and is installed by default with most Apache distributions like Apache Webserver. Apache Bench can simulate multiple concurrent users accessing a web application, and […]

Step-by-Step Guide to Installing FTP on Ubuntu Server

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a popular method of transferring files between computers over a network. It is a reliable and secure way to transfer files between computers and is widely used by webmasters and system administrators. In this guide, we will show you how to install and configure FTP on an Ubuntu Server. Please […]

How to use the apt command in Linux | Syntaxes & Examples

‘apt‘ stands for Advanced Package Tool, and it’s a command-line utility tool we use to update, install, upgrade, and remove packages from Linux systems. The apt command-line tool provides the mechanism to manage various packages on a Linux system. Executing apt commands based on user privileges In Linux, the root user is the system administrator […]

How can I enable Adaptive Bitrate streaming in Ant Media Server?

Traditionally, video streaming servers had to deliver fixed bitrate streaming and there was no alternatives like the availability of dynamic multi-bitrate transcoding. And if your target audience’s network connection was poor, they could experience buffering problems, something that always led to poor viewing experiences for them. To solve this issue, engineers came up with intelligent […]

How to deploy WordPress on a Ubuntu LAMP Server

In this article, we would like to learn the in-depth part of the LAMP stack and how to use it to deploy dynamic web applications like WordPress. If you’re an absolute beginner in this area, no worries as we’re here to hold your hand so you can learn step by step. Let’s get started 🙂 […]

How can I download files from Google Drive using Linux Terminal?

You can download Files from Google Drive using the Linux terminal by completing the following steps: Change Google Drive file permission The first thing you need to do is to change the permission access to your file in Google Drive to “Anyone with your link“. See the image below for your reference: To change the […]

How much does Ant Media cost to stream to 1000 viewers on AWS

Ant Media offers both the community and Enterprise editions of the software. You can run the community version of the software for free and you don’t have to pay for anything. However, the Enterprise edition is a paid license that allows you to benefit from running a scalable live-streaming infrastructure. So, in an event that […]

How much bandwidth does Ant Media Server need?

Bandwidth refers to the amount of data that can be transmitted over a network at a given time. It is measured in bits per second (bps) or bytes per second (Bps). The more bandwidth a network has, the more data it can transmit, and the faster it can transmit it. To put this into context, […]

How to optimize the Performance of Ant Media Server

Optimizing the performance of your Ant Media Server can be critical to delivering high-quality video streaming to your audience. A poorly configured Ant Media Server with limited resources can lead to frustrating results in the end. In this blog, we would like to take you through a couple of things you can do to ensure […]

Why does my Ant Media stream keep buffering?

Your streaming audience will hate to watch a live stream with buffering issues. Whether they’re trying to watch a live event or a recorded video, buffering can ruin the experience and leave them feeling frustrated and disappointed. But why does this happen? In this article, we’ll explore the common reasons why Ant Media streams can […]

How to fix Server crashes when running “composer update”

Composer is a dependency manager for PHP, used to manage the packages and libraries that a PHP project depends on. It allows developers to declare the libraries and packages that their project requires, and manages the installation and update process for those dependencies. Composer is built on the concept of packages, which are defined in […]

installer: Could not pull cloudron/base error – Suggested fix

In some cases, when you’re trying to install Cloudron on a VPS server, you can experience this error: installer: Could not pull cloudron/base. So, what is the most likely cause of this error? First of all, you need to understand that when a user deploys an application on Cloudron, the platform downloads the corresponding Docker […]

How we helped a big client to avert a hosting migration disaster

The story starts with a client from a certain country who contacted us via our Fiverr profile to discuss the pricey hosting nightmare they were going through. They had two high traffic websites hosted on an expensive cloud server on a certain cloud platform, and the bills were racking up so quickly. Time was running […]

How to secure your Ant Media Livestreams?

There are a couple of ways to protect your Ant Media streams. In this blog, we would like to to hold your hand so we can take you through each step Web Panel IP filter Ant Media Server provides IP filtering for accessing the web panel. By default, the web panel is open to all […]

Can I use the ant media community license in a cluster?

Ant Media Community license is a free and open-source license provided by Ant Media Server for its Community Edition, a free version of its video streaming server software. The Community Edition is available for non-commercial use and includes many of the same features as the Enterprise Edition but with some limitations. Under the Community Edition […]

How many Streaming channels can you set up on Ant Media?

A live streaming channel is a platform or website where users can watch live video content, such as live events, live performances, or live broadcasts, in real-time. Examples of live streaming channels include YouTube Live, Twitch, and Facebook Live. Users can also create their own live-streaming channels on these platforms to share their own content […]

Do I necessarily need a GPU to stream Full HD using Ant Media Server?

You don’t necessarily need a GPU to stream full HD using Ant Media Server, as it can be done with a powerful enough CPU. However, a GPU can help to offload some of the computational load from the CPU and improve performance. Streaming full HD video requires a significant amount of processing power, especially if […]

Can I set up a 4K video rendering environment on AWS?

Yes, you can set up a 4K video rendering environment on Amazon Web Services (AWS). To do this, you would need to deploy one or more instances of a high-performance compute (HPC) server, such as the AWS Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) with the most suitable instance family. Which AWS instance family would offer the best […]

How to deploy a MySQL Server on Ubuntu

MySQL is a popular open-source relational database management system (RDBMS) that is widely used for managing data in web and mobile applications. It is based on the Structured Query Language (SQL) and is known for its reliability, performance, and ease of use. A MySQL server is the program that manages the data stored in one […]

How to use CloudFormation to deploy infrastructure on AWS

AWS CloudFormation is a service provided by Amazon Web Services (AWS) that enables users to provision and manage AWS resources through templates. These templates are written in JSON or YAML, and they define the resources, such as Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instances, Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) buckets, and Amazon Virtual Private Clouds (VPCs), […]

What is Kubernetes?

Kubernetes is an open-source platform that is used to manage and orchestrate containerized applications. In simpler terms, it allows you to deploy and manage multiple containers (like Docker) as a single unit, called a “cluster.” Kubernetes was originally developed by Google, and is now maintained by the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF). It has become […]

How can I deploy WordPress on Kubernetes?

Kubernetes is an open-source container orchestration system for automating the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. It was developed by Google and is now maintained by the Cloud Native Computing Foundation. Kubernetes provides a platform-agnostic way of managing containerized applications, making it easy to deploy and scale applications across different environments, such as on-premises, […]

How to setup a 24/7 YouTube Live stream using a VPS Server

YouTube live streaming can be a great way to connect with your audience in real-time, and with the help of a VPS (Virtual Private Server), you can set up a 24/7 live stream that runs on autopilot. In this article, we will walk you through the steps of setting up a 24/7 YouTube live streaming […]

What is the most powerful instance family on Azure?

Azure NCv3-series virtual machines are a powerful and versatile solution for compute-intensive workloads, such as deep learning, simulation, and modeling. These virtual machines are part of the Azure N-series, which is a family of GPU-enabled virtual machines optimized for these types of workloads. In this article, we will take a detailed look at the technical […]

What are Amazon EC2 P3dn Instances?

P3dn instances are a type of Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instance that are optimized for high-performance computing workloads. They are part of the P3 instance family, which is designed for machine learning, data science, and other compute-intensive workloads. P3dn instances are powered by NVIDIA V100 GPUs and are available in four sizes: p3dn.24xlarge, p3dn.12xlarge, […]

What is AWS C5n.18xlarge Instance?

The C5n.18xlarge instance is one of the most powerful instances available on Amazon Web Services (AWS), and is designed for compute-intensive workloads such as high-performance computing, machine learning, and video encoding. In this article, we will explore the features and capabilities of the C5n.18xlarge instance, and how it can be used to power your most […]

What is the easiest way to install Apache Server on Ubuntu?

Apache is the most widely used web server software in the world. It is open-source software that can run on a variety of operating systems, including Windows, Linux, and macOS. In this article, we will explore the features and capabilities of the Apache web server, as well as its hardware and bandwidth requirements, and a […]

What is a Webserver?

A web server is a computer system that is responsible for handling requests from clients and delivering web pages to them. It is an integral part of the World Wide Web, as it serves as the foundation on which websites are built. In this article, we will delve into the details of what a web […]

How to configure iptables to secure Apache server on Ubuntu

iptables can allow you to define the firewall rules for filtering incoming and outgoing traffic based on a variety of criteria, such as the source or destination IP address, the protocol (TCP, UDP, etc.), or the source or destination ports. It is used to set up, maintain, and inspect the tables of IP packet filter […]

How to install Apache Server on Ubuntu Linux

Apache is a widely used open-source web server software developed and maintained by the Apache Software Foundation. It is often used to host websites and can serve a variety of content, including HTML pages, images, and dynamic content generated by scripts. Apache is known for its stability, flexibility, and security, and is commonly compatible with […]

How much computing power do you need for Ant Media Server?

Our experience has taught us that Ant Media Server is so efficient in utilizing computing resources. A simple Linux instance is capable of streaming up to 1080p quality videos, especially if you have moderate traffic for your live-stream broadcasts Factors to put into consideration when deploying Ant Media Server As your audience grows, the need […]

How to enable root user on AWS ec2 Ubuntu Linux instance

If you’re familiar with AWS Linux instances you will realize that the root user is by default disabled. Also, if you installed ubuntu as your choice AMI or Amazon Machine Image, a sudo user called ubuntu is by default created to enable you remotely ssh into your server. Now, this default user doesn’t have full […]

How to install an FTP Server on Linux VPS Server

FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol. And it’s a TCP protocol used to transfer files to and from a remote server. You can use FTP to retrieve files from your remote server to your local computer and vice versa. Establishing an FTP connection To establish an FTP connection, you will need an FTP server installed […]

Is deploying and managing a VPS server hard?

Anyone with basic IT background can deploy any VPS server. But this doesn’t offer any guarantee that everything will work out well as you would expect. The level of server deployment complexity or simplicity varies depending on the type of experience and knowledge you have in the IT field. It also depends on the project […]

How to Install OpenVPN Server on Ubuntu 

OpenVPN is an open-source VPN protocol widely used to encrypt data on the internet. OpenVPN uses OpenSSL to encrypt both control channels and data. Running your own VPN server could be a good idea because it gives you absolute control over your privacy and online anonymity. Now, to be able to successfully run a robust […]

How to install a Graphical User Interface on Ubuntu Server

Installing a graphical user interface on ubuntu enables you to have access to your server using a desktop environment. The experience you get is equivalent to more like running a physical computer with Ubuntu installed. Now, for better server performance with smooth navigation throughout your machine, you will need to buy a good VPS machine […]

How to install Ant Media Server on Ubuntu Linux Server

Installing Ant Media on Ubuntu or any Linux VPS is very easy and it takes a few steps to complete. But first, you need to have a reliable VPS server, capable of providing you with sufficient computing resources for your live-streaming needs. The most affordable and best VPS provider on the market we recommend is […]